Everyone uses caffeine, but is it helping students excel or silently sabotaging their success? Let’s take a closer look at how caffeine impacts the mind, body, and your academic potential.
What Are Minor Stimulants, and Why Should Students Care?
Proliferated consumption of minor stimulants across the United States and worldwide has sparked concern among scholars, educators, and healthcare professionals. Among the most commonly consumed minor stimulants is caffeine, found in beverages like coffee and energy drinks. This article explores caffeine-like drugs, the history and rise of coffee culture, and caffeine’s effects on the central nervous system (CNS) with a special focus on caffeine and academic performance.
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Caffeine: The Most Popular Stimulant in America
According to Hanson et al. (2022), minor stimulants comprise a broad range of drugs consumed to enhance mood and alertness. The most frequently consumed and often abused minor stimulants belong to a group known as xanthines, also referred to as methylxanthines. Caffeine is the most widely used stimulant within this group and is a major component in the daily routines of millions, especially students., present in over 60 plant species, including:
- Coffee beans
- Kola nuts
- Mate leaves
- Yoco bark
- Tea plants
Today, caffeine consumption among students is nearly universal, especially through coffee, energy drinks, and soda. And while this once raised few health concerns, its escalating use among adolescents and college students has sparked deeper evaluation. As the pressure to perform academically rises, students often turn to stimulants like caffeine for a mental edge, making it critical to understand how caffeine affects their performance and well-being
Coffee Culture and the Academic Grind
Coffee, arguably the most popular caffeine-containing beverage, is produced from Coffea beans, specifically from the species Coffea arabica. This species typically grows as a small tree or shrub, reaching 4 to 6 meters in height (Hanson et al., 2022), and is cultivated globally, especially in East Africa and South America.
Historically, coffee consumption in Europe was a social and intellectual activity, a way to learn, talk, and relax. Today, however, coffee has evolved into a necessity for millions of students around the world. While it may offer short-term benefits, experts warn that excessive coffee consumption could harm the body’s natural functioning, especially the brain and nervous system.
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The Effects of Caffeine on the Brain and Central Nervous System
When we talk about caffeine and academic performance, the real question is how caffeine affects the central nervous system (CNS). Roughly 200 milligrams of caffeine can reduce fatigue, increase arousal, and improve alertness. Many students depend on caffeine to stay awake, increase concentration, and enhance their academic performance. In moderate doses, caffeine may improve mental focus and help with boredom.
According to Hanson et al. (2022), caffeine, as a Xanthine, is the most potent stimulant within its group. Its impact on the CNS varies depending on dosage:
- ~200 mg can reduce fatigue, boost alertness, and enhance concentration.
- Users may feel increased mental clarity and even motivation.
- Caffeine can also help delay sleepiness during extended study periods.
For these reasons, students often rely on caffeine to stay productive, especially during midterms or finals.
But That’s Not Even the Worst Part…
While moderate caffeine intake may improve academic performance, its overuse can backfire. Hanson et al. (2022) reports that excessive caffeine consumption may cause:
- Muscle twitching
- Anxiety and tension
- Insomnia and restlessness
- Irritability and panic attacks
According to Hanson et al. (2022), long-term overuse may undermine the very academic performance it’s meant to support. Disrupted sleep cycles reduce memory consolidation, while heightened anxiety can make focus harder, not easier.
These outcomes raise a troubling question: Is caffeine helping or hurting student success?
And in a broader context, caffeine is just one part of the mounting pressures students face today. From financial strain to mental health crises, many are juggling more than just books. Read more on the harsh realities facing students in Degrees, Depression, and Debt: The New Reality of College in America.
How Much Is Too Much Caffeine?
The FDA recommends no more than 400mg of caffeine per day for healthy adults. That’s roughly:
- 4–5 cups of brewed coffee
- 2–3 strong energy drinks
- 10–12 cans of soda
But most students don’t track their intake, meaning they may unknowingly exceed safe levels, especially when mixing sources (e.g., coffee and pre-workout supplements).
Understanding the connection between caffeine and academic performance requires awareness not just of its effects, but of its dosage limits.

The Bottom Line on Caffeine and Academic Performance
A critical review of Hanson et al. (2022) provides an in-depth look at caffeine-like drugs, the global growth of coffee consumption, and how caffeine interacts with the central nervous system.
Caffeine, a widely used minor stimulant, affects students in complex ways. In modest amounts, it:
- Boosts alertness
- Increases mental energy
- Improves short-term academic function
But when overused, caffeine can:
- Heighten stress
- Interrupt sleep
- Trigger neurological damage
In the end, it’s not just how much you consume, but how and why. As caffeine continues to play a role in modern study habits, understanding its risks and rewards is essential for every student aiming to perform at their best.
Reference
Hanson, G., Venturelli, P. J., & Fleckenstein, A. E. (2022). Drugs and Society. Jones & Bartlett Learning.

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